1974-2019年西藏羊卓雍错湖泊水位变化特征及其影响因素

利用羊卓雍错1974-2019年水位、降水、蒸发和气温数据,分析了水位长期和年内变化特征及其原因。结果表明:羊卓雍错水位在1974-2019年波动下降。1974-1996年和2016-2019年影响水位变化的主因均是降水,1997-2015年的主因是包括人类活动在内的其他因素。1974-1996年,春季水位变化的主因是蒸发,其他季节均是降水。1997-2015年不同季节的主因均是其他因素。2016-2019年,影响春夏季的主因分别是蒸发和降水,秋冬季是气温。在当前气候变化趋势下,水位10年内将恢复2.0m。     

农业类上市公司资本结构对企业价值的影响

选择度量农业类上市公司资本结构与其企业价值间关系的指标建立多元线性回归模型,并进行分析。结果表明,农业类企业价值与资本结构、公司盈利能力、公司规模之间存在显著的线性关系,而与公司成长能力之间关系不显著。随着企业资产负债率的增加,农业类企业价值呈现先不断上升,然后逐步缓慢下降的趋势,资产负债率在约50%的时候企业价值处于较高水平,因此农业类企业存在企业价值最大化的资本结构。     

西藏渔业资源现状、存在问题及保护对策

西藏自治区是中国平均海拔最高、河流数量最多、湖泊面积最大的省区,也是西南重要安全屏障,战略地位尤为凸显。近年来,西藏雅鲁藏布江等重点水域受到外来物种入侵、过度捕捞、水电工程建设等人类活动影响,渔业资源出现衰退趋势。本团队在西藏拉萨、山南、林芝、日喀则等主要城市重点走访调研西藏渔业产业规模、渔业资源和设施装备建设现状,在雅鲁藏布江流域开展实地渔业资源环境科学考察,分析梳理西藏渔业产业、渔政队伍建设和渔业基础设施装备现状面临的主要问题及其影响因素,以期为了解西藏渔业产业发展和渔业资源现状提供必要的数据支撑,为有关部门制定涉及西藏渔业资源环境相关政策法规提供参考。     

Mainstreaming the environmental benefits of street trees

Over the course of the last three decades the role of the street tree in planning and policy arenas has transitioned from one primarily of beautification and ornamentation to one more inclusive of environmental services provision in numerous U.S. cities. This phenomenon was examined in the northern California cities of Palo Alto, Sacramento, and San Francisco. Analysis of policy documents, non-profit newsletters, field work, and interviews revealed that claims about the environmental values of street trees have been championed by municipal and non-profit actors and have been legitimized by the production and dissemination of urban forest science.     

The impact of significant earthquakes on Christchurch,New Zealand's urban forest

The resilience of Christchurch, New Zealand's urban forest has been tested during a year of major earthquakes and aftershocks. Tree loss has resulted from mass soil movement, soil liquefaction, rockfalls, and land slips. At the time of writing, only 384 trees have been documented as removed, however, thousands more are scheduled for removal. Additionally, the changes to the soil environment resulting from liquefaction will require existing trees to adapt quickly to their new soil environment. Their fate will not be known for years. Though the total number of trees removed is unlikely to reduce city-wide canopy cover appreciably, it is important to recognize that spatial patterns of tree loss were highly localized and thus local canopy cover has been drastically reduced in some areas. Short-term management of the urban forest in the aftermath of the earthquake focused on removal of trees deemed unstable or unsafe. In the medium-term, attempts have been made to monitor the health and stability of remaining trees using an asset management system, though some difficulties related to consistency and ubiquity of its use have been identified. Though short and medium-term management have been largely effective, long-term management of Christchurch's urban forests will largely be dictated by government policy, which will be informed by public consultation and land ownership. Many of the benefits provided by urban forests are well understood. However, trees and greenspaces provided additional benefits during earthquakes and in the aftermath. Planted trees in the hills surrounding the city prevented rockfall from damaging infrastructure and human life downslope, while greenspaces were used as a base for search and rescue staff during rescue and recovery operations, and as temporary living spaces for residents who lost their homes.     

Contrasting natural regeneration and tree planting in fourteen North American cities

Field data from randomly located plots in 12 cities in the United States and Canada were used to estimate the proportion of the existing tree population that was planted or occurred via natural regeneration. In addition, two cities (Baltimore and Syracuse) were recently re-sampled to estimate the proportion of newly established trees that were planted. Results for the existing tree populations reveal that, on average, about 1 in 3 trees are planted in cities. Land uses and tree species with the highest proportion of trees planted were residential (74.8 percent of trees planted) and commercial/industrial (61.2 percent) lands, and Gleditsia triacanthos (95.1 percent) and Pinus nigra (91.8 percent). The percentage of the tree population planted is greater in cities developed in grassland areas as compared to cities developed in forests and tends to increase with increased population density and percent impervious cover in cities. New tree influx rates ranged from 4.0 trees/ha/yr in Baltimore to 8.6 trees/ha/yr in Syracuse. About 1 in 20 trees (Baltimore) and 1 in 12 trees (Syracuse) were planted in newly established tree populations. In Syracuse, the recent tree influx has been dominated by Rhamnus cathartica, an exotic invasive species. Without tree planting and management, the urban forest composition in some cities will likely shift to more pioneer or invasive tree species in the near term. As these species typically are smaller and have shorter life-spans, the ability of city systems to sustain more large, long-lived tree species may require human intervention through tree planting and maintenance. Data on tree regeneration and planting proportions and rates can be used to help determine tree planting rates necessary to attain desired tree cover and species composition goals.     

β-葡聚糖对亚东鲑幼鱼存活及生长的影响

在水温13~14 ℃下,将平均体质量(1.07±0.3) g的亚东鲑幼鱼养在100 cm×100 cm×60 cm圆形玻璃缸循环水系统中,密度为159尾/m^( 3) ,水深约40 cm,投喂添加0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、 1.0% 、1.5%和2.0%β-葡聚糖的饲料饲养60 d,研究β-葡聚糖对亚东鲑幼鱼存活及生长的影响。试验结果显示,不同含量β-葡聚糖对亚东鲑幼鱼存活率差异不显著,均为100%;平均质量增长率0.5%试验组最大,显著高于其他各组( P <0.05),平均体长增长率0.5%试验组最大,与0.2%、0.5%、1.5%试验组之间差异不显著,显著高于其他各组( P <0.05),0%试验组平均体长增长率最小;特定生长率0.5%试验组最高,显著高于其他各组( P <0.05),0%试验组最低;肝体指数依次递减,0%试验组最大,与 0.1% 、 0.2% 和0.5%试验组之间差异不显著,但显著高于其他各组( P <0.05);肥满度0.1%、0.2%、 0.5% 、 1.0% 试验组之间差异不显著,显著高于其他各组( P <0.05),0%试验组最小;摄食率0.1%试验组最高,随着β-葡聚糖添加量增加依次递减,但各试验组之间差异不显著;食物转化率0.5%试验组最高,与1.0%、 1.5% 、2.0%之间差异不显著,显著高于其他各组( P <0.05),0%试验组最低。肠道脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均随β-葡聚糖含量增加呈先增后减变化趋势,说明β-葡聚糖能够提升肠道消化酶活性。综上所述,饲料中添加0.5%β-葡聚糖对亚东鲑存活与生长效果较好。     

黑斑原(鮡)肌肉脂肪酸及无机盐组成特征分析

为探究黑斑原肌肉营养成分,合理开发和保护利用黑斑原种质资源,分析采自西藏自治区日喀则市昂仁县境内(N 29°27′58.72″,E 86°54′36.06″)体质量为(158.92±24.10) g的黑斑原肌肉脂肪酸和无机盐组成成分。试验结果显示,黑斑原肌肉(鲜样)中含有16种脂肪酸,其中总饱和脂肪酸8种,总量为1015.7 mg/kg,单不饱和脂肪酸2种,总量为494.4 mg/kg,多不饱和脂肪酸6种,总量为1148.3 mg/kg,必需脂肪酸含量为108.37 mg/kg,二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量为960.08 mg/kg。黑斑原肌肉的致动脉粥样硬化指数和血栓形成指数分别为0.40和1.18。黑斑原肌肉中共检出无机盐元素19种,其中K含量最高,为4061.23 mg/kg,V含量最低,为0.01 mg/kg,其中Ca∶P为1∶164,Na∶K为0.33∶1。对黑斑原肌肉中部分无机盐元素进行了风险评估,Zn元素风险指数最大,最大风险指数为16.13%~39.53%,Se元素的风险指数最小,最大风险指数为0.02%~0.03%,所评估的几种无机盐元素风险指数均在安全范围之内。综上,黑斑原肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,无机盐元素含量丰富,具有较高的食用和保健价值。     

经验性最佳线性无偏预测(eBLUP)在油菜区域试验品种评价的效果

线性混合模型最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)不仅适用于数据不平衡和误差方差异质试验的分析,而且对随机效应的排序会更准确。在实际试验分析中由于真实方差参数值未知而采用估计值时,BLUP转变为所谓经验性BLUP(eBLUP)。为了探讨eBLUP在作物区域试验品种评价的效果,本文以我国2012—2014年长江流域油菜区域试验12套产量资料为例,对eBLUP在品种主效应和特定环境中效应的估计、排序及差异比较t测验等方面与方差分析综合比较。结果表明,对品种主效应,eBLUP与方差分析算术平均值仅有较小差异,品种排序在eBLUP与算术平均值法相同;对特定环境中品种效应,eBLUP与算术平均值法有较大差异,品种排序在eBLUP较算术平均值法更准确;用Kenward-Roger法估算基于eBLUP的效应差异t测验的自由度,无论对品种主效应还是对特定环境中品种效应,eBLUP和方差分析有着相近的显著性(α=0.05)测验效果。